General GIS terms | |
| Terms that are on used on this site.
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| There are 19 entries in the glossary. | ||
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| Term | Definition | |
| elevation |
The elevation of a geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point, often the mean sea level. Elevation is mainly used when referring to points on the Earth's surface, while altitude is used for points in the air, such as an aircraft.
Source: Wikipedia
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| geocoding | Geocoding is calculating spatial locations (X,Y coordinates) from street addresses. A reference theme is required to geocode
individual addresses, such as a road centerline file with address
ranges. The individual address locations are interpolated, or
estimated, by examining address ranges along a road segment.
Source: Wikipedia | |
| geofence |
An enclosed shape, used to define areas of containment or exclusion on
a map. A usage example might be a pizza company that wished to ensure
its vehicles did not travel beyond their designated delivery area.
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| Geographic information system |
(GIS) is a system for creating, storing, analyzing and managing spatial
data and associated attributes.
Source: Wikipedia
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| geomatics |
Geomatics is the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering of geographic information, or spatially referenced information.
Source: Wikipedia | |
| geospatial |
pertaining to the geographic location and characteristics of natural or constructed features and
boundaries on, above, or below the earth's surface; esp. referring to data that is geographic and spatial in nature
Source: dictionary.com
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| GIS | a system for creating, storing, analyzing and managing spatial
data and associated attributes.
source: Wikipedia | |
| GIS file format | A GIS file format is a standard of encoding geographical information into a file. They are created mainly by government mapping agencies (such as the USGS) or by GIS software developers. Metadata often includes:
Source: Wikipedia | |
| LBS |
Location-based services (LBS) are offered by some cell phone networks
as a way to send custom advertising and other information to cell-phone
subscribers based on their current location. The cell-phone service
provider gets the location from a GPS chip built into the phone, or using radiolocation and trilateration based on the signal-strength of the closest cell-phone towers (for phones without GPS features).
Source: Wikipedia
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| Location-based services |
Location-based services (LBS) are offered by some cell phone networks
as a way to send custom advertising and other information to cell-phone
subscribers based on their current location. The cell-phone service
provider gets the location from a GPS chip built into the phone, or using radiolocation and trilateration based on the signal-strength of the closest cell-phone towers (for phones without GPS features).
Source: Wikipedia
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| NP-Hard |
In computational complexity theory, NP-hard (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time hard) refers to the class containing all problems H, such that for every decision problem L in NP there exists a polynomial-time many-one reduction to H, written
 .
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| POI | A Point of Interest, or POI, is a specific point location that someone may find useful or interesting. An example is a point on the Earth representing the location of the Space Needle, or a point on Mars representing the location of the mountain, Olympus Mons. The term is widely used in Cartography, especially in electronic variants including GIS, and GPS navigation software. | |
| raster |
Raster
data type consists of rows and columns of cells where in each cell is
stored a single value. Most often, raster data are images (raster
images), but besides just color, the value recorded for each cell may
be a discrete value, such as land use, a continuous value, such as
rainfall, or a null
value if no data is available. While a raster cell stores a single
value, it can be extended by using raster bands to represent RGB (red,
green, blue) colors, colormaps (a mapping between a thematic code and
RGB value), or an extended attribute table with one row for each unique
cell value. The resolution of the raster dataset is its cell width in
ground units. For example, in a LIDAR
raster image, each cell is a pixel that represents an area of 3 meters
by 3 meters. Usually cells represent square areas of the ground, but
other shapes can also be used.
Source: Wikipedia
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| reverse geocoding | Reverse geocoding is the process of returning an estimated street
address number as it relates to a given coordinate. For example, a GPS coordinate is reported
across a wireless network(thus providing a coordinate) and
have information returned that reflects the estimated house number.
Source: Wikipedia | |
| spatial database |
A spatial database is a specialized type of relational database
which is optimized to store and query geographic data, including
points, lines and polygons. While typical databases can understand
various numeric and character types of data, additional functionality
needs to be added for databases to process spatial data types such as
shapes.
Source: Wikipedia
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| spatial query |
A search into a data set that returns the set of features that underlie a given area.
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| Travelling salesman problem |
A problem in discrete or combinatorial optimization. It is a prominent illustration of a class of problems in computational complexity theory which are hard to solve.
Simply stated: "Given a number of cities and the costs of travelling from any city to
any other city, what is the cheapest round-trip route that visits each
city exactly once and then returns to the starting city?"
Source: Wikipedia
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| TSP |
Travelling salesperson problem or TSP is a problem in discrete or combinatorial optimization. It is a prominent
illustration of a class of problems in computational complexity theory
which are hard to solve.
Simply stated: "Given a number of cities and the costs of travelling from any city to
any other city, what is the cheapest round-trip route that visits each
city exactly once and then returns to the starting city?"
Source: Wikipedia
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| vector data |
Vector
data type uses geometries such as points, lines (series of point
coordinates), or polygons, also called areas (shapes bounded by lines),
to represent objects. Examples include property boundaries for a
housing subdivision represented as polygons and well locations
represented as points. Vector features can be made to respect spatial
integrity through the application of topology rules such as 'polygons
must not overlap'. Vector data can also be used to represent
continuously varying phenomena. Contour lines and triangulated irregular networks (TIN) are used to represent elevation
or other continuously changing values. TINs record values at point
locations, which are connected by lines to form an irregular mesh of
triangles. The face of the triangles represent the terrain surface.
Source: Wikipedia
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| Glossary V2.0 | ||
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